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Fifth Circuit Keeps Doing Fifth Circuit Things 📉–SEAT v. Paxton
Eric Goldman (Technology & Marketing Law Blog)
· 2026-06-09
Commentary
Goldman analyzes a Fifth Circuit opinion in SEAT v. Paxton upholding (or declining to enjoin) Texas's App Store Accountability Act (SB 2420), which requires app stores operated by Apple and Google to age-authenticate users and obtain parental consent. The core doctrinal dispute is whether the Fifth Circuit correctly applied intermediate scrutiny by characterizing app store listings as commercial speech proposing commercial transactions, rather than strict scrutiny as the district court had applied — a classification Goldman argues is factually and legally unsupportable because many apps are non-commercial offerings with no data collection or monetary exchange. The case directly implicates the First Amendment rights of major technology platforms (Apple, Google) as curators and distributors of third-party expressive content, and intersects with the Moody v. NetChoice framework on when platform content distribution constitutes protected editorial activity versus regulable commercial conduct.
Key point: The Fifth Circuit's classification of app store listings as commercial speech subject to intermediate scrutiny — rather than protected editorial curation subject to strict scrutiny under Moody v. NetChoice — represents a significant and arguably erroneous departure from controlling First Amendment doctrine governing platform content distribution.
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